Biologie | Chimie | Didactica | Fizica | Geografie | Informatica | |
Istorie | Literatura | Matematica | Psihologie |
PASIVE VOICE - DIATEZA PASIVA
1.Alcatuire
S + V + - obj.
Jim repairs the car.
Jim repara masina.
S + Be + PP + by + obj.
The car is repaired by Jim.
Masina este reparata de Jim.
eg.:
Dean washes my shirt every day.
Dean imi spala camasa in fiecare zi.
(diateza activa
My shirt is washed by Dean every day.
Camasa mea este spalata in fiecare zi de Dean.
2.Reguli
* complementul direct al propozitiei de la diateza activa devine subiectul frazei la diateza pasiva ;
* subiectul propozitiei de diateza activa devine subiectul frazei la diateza pasiva
El este introdus de <by> in limba engleza, nu este obligatoriu .
DIATEZA ACTIVA - ACTIVE VOICE
Verbul este la diateza activa cand subiectul gramatical savarseste actiunea, care, la verbele tranzitive, se rasfrange asupra obiectului.
DIATEZA PASIVA
Verbul este la diateza pasiva cand subiectul gramatical sufera actiunea savarsita de subiect;
Pentru a conjuga un verb la diateza pasiva, folosim auxiliarul < a fi > la acelasi timp si cu acelasi aspect, ca cel de la diateza activa.
El trebuie sa fie urmat de participiul trecut al verbului .
!Atentie deci - totdeauna sa se identifice bine timpurile verbelor la diateza activa,deoarece operati o transformare. Daca exista (se afla) un auxiliar de mod, il vom pastra.
eg
They have punished him.
L-au pedepsit
He has been punished (by them).
A fost pedepsit (de ei).
Remarca pastram Present Perfect
Sophie's mother is serving tea. Mama Sofiei serveste ceaiul
Tea is being served by Sophie's mother.
Ceaiul este servit de catre mama Sofiei.
Remarca pastram aspectul progresiv adaugand < fiind> (being) ;
Anyone can do it.Oricine poate face.
It can be done by anyone.Poate fi facut de oricine.
Remarca Pastram auxiliarul modal
< can>.
2.Cazuri particulare
- verbele cu prepozitie :
eg:
Everyone laughed at her (diateza activa ).
She was laughed at by everybody. (diateza pasiva).
regula prepozitia se asaza imediat dupa verbul la diateza pasiva;
3.Exemple :
Prezent simplu
Bob steals the jewels. Bob fura bijuteriile
The jewels are stolen. (By Bob
Bijuteriile sunt furate (de Bob).
Prezentul cu V-ing (Prezentul continuu )
Bob is stealing the jewels.
Bob fura bijuteriile
The jewels are being stolen (by Bob).
Bijuteriile sunt furate (de Bob).
HAVE + PP (partea a III- a a vb.neregulate/ed -vb.).
Bob has stolen the jewels.
Bob a furat bijuteriile.
The jewels have been stolen.(by Bob).
Bijuteriile au fost furate (de Bob).
Trecutul ( PAST TENSE)
Bob stole the jewels.
Bob a furat bijuteriile
The jewels were stolen (by Bob).
Bijuteriile au fost furate (de Bob) .
PAST TENSE in -ing (P.T.Continous)
Bob was stealing the jewels.
Bob a furat bijuteriile
The jewels were being stolen (by Bob
Bijuteriile au fost furate de Bob.
HAD - V3 - forma a treia a verbului
Bob had stolen the jewels.
Bob furase bijuteriile.
The jewels had been stolen. (by Bob).
Bijuteriile fusesera furate.( de Bob).
VIITOR
Bob will steal the jewels.
Bob va fura bijuteriile.
The jewels will be stolen.(by Bob
Bijuteriile vor fi facute ( de Bob).
Cu auxiliarele modale
Bob may steal the jewels.
Bob ar putea fura bijuteriiile
The jewels may be stolen (by Bob).
Bijuteriile ar putea fi furate (de Bob).
Bob may have stolen the jewels.
Bob poate a furat bijuteriile
The jewels may have been stolen by (Bob).
Bijuteriile poate au fost furate de (Bob).
EXERCITII |
1.Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la diateza pasiva.
a.Paul has just painted the garage door.
b.They will serve tea in the sitting-room at five.
c.Someone told met to wait for a few minutes.
d.They are pulling down the house round the corner.
e.They should not allow dogs on the beach.
f.Is someone collecting the tickets
g.Peter himself built that big house.
h.Ann has seen you walking in the park.
i. Mary was translating the letter into French.
j. You must read the instructions carefully.
New words
skirt = fusta
- to repair = a repara;
- to punish = a pedepsi;
- tea = ceai ;
- anyone = oricine;
- garage = garaj;
- beach = plaja;
- ticket = tichet, bilet;
- French = franceza
Copyright © 2024 - Toate drepturile rezervate