VORBIREA INDIRECTA in limba engleza

VORBIREA INDIRECTA

Daca verbul SAY sau TELL este la PRESENT sau PRESENT PERFECT TENSE, verbul care urmeaza dupa el nu isi schimba timpul:

"I am ill".

She says she is ill.

Daca verbul din propozitia principala (din vorbirea indirecta) este la PAST TENSE, urmatoarele pronume si adjective adverbiale se schimba astfel:

Daca verbul din propozitia principala (din vorbirea indirecta) este la PAST TENSE, vor avea loc urmatoarele schimbari ale timpurilor din propozitia subordonata:

PRESENT INDEFINITE devine PAST INDEFINITE:

I don't know what to say."

He said that he didn't know what to say.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS devine PAST CONTINUOUS:

"I am working hard."

He said he was working hard."

PRESENT PERFECT devine PAST PERFECT:

"The dog has stolen the meat."

He told me that the dog had stolen the meat.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS devine PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

"I have been waiting for you since early morning."

He said he had been waiting for me since early morning.

PAST INDEFINITE devine PAST PERFECT:

"We made it last week."

They told me that they had made it the previous week.

PAST INDEFINITE poate ramane tot PAST INDEFINITE:

"Albert Einstein was born in 1779."

He said Einstein was born in 1779, but he was born in 1879.

PAST CONTINUOUS devine PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

"You were running across the street when I saw you."

He said I had been running across the street when he had seen me.

FUTURE INDEFINITE devine FUTURE INDEFINITE IN-THE-PAST:

"I shall do it better."

He said he would do it better.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS devine FUTURE CONTINUOUS IN-THE-PAST:

"I shall be sleeping at 6 o'clock in the morning."

He said he would be sleeping at 6 o'clock in the morning.

FUTURE PERFECT devine FUTURE PERFECT IN-THE-PAST:

"I hope it will have stopped raining by tomorrow morning."

He said he hopped that it would have stopped raining by next morning.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS devine FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS IN-THE-PAST:

"I shall have been doing this work for two hours when you come."

She said she would have been doing that work for two hours when I came.

Daca adresantul nu este mentionat, verbul TO SAY ramane neschimbat:

He said, "I forgot everything I knew."

He said he had forgotten everything he knew.

Daca adresantul este mentionat (deci cui i se spune), atunci verbul TO SAY devine TO TELL:

He said, "I forgot everything I knew."

He told me (adresantul este ME) he had forgotten everything he knew.