Teatre (Opera Garnier, Budapesta, Cluj)

Teatre (Opera Garnier, Budapesta, Cluj)

Teatrele realizate in aceasta perioada precizeaza cerintele functionale noi ale acestui program, acordand o atentie deosebita decorarii foaierelor.

Opera din Paris(Garnier)

arh. Charles Garnier- perioada lui Napoleon al III-lea, perioada obsesiei pentru stiluri

pentru constructia operei se realizeaza un concurs

pe atunci era faimos Viollet le Duc, acesta va participa si el la concurs insa castiga C Garnier (inainte castigase Le prix du Rome)- fost elev al academiei franceze

partea de hol e deosebit de ampla- marea inovatie din punct de vedere architectural

Garnier a sesizat ca holul este cel mai deosebit- sa se creeze acel tip de spatiu in care sa fii observat; scara monumentala de onoare

Constructia a durat 15 ani

Opera din Budapesta

Miklos Ybl

Fatada neorenascentista

Logia- se accede din hol

Un peron in fatada si doua in lateral

Scara de onoare duce catre un vestibul- : logia imperiala- unde statea imparatul

perversiune- in stilurile eclectice-imitarea unei formule prin materiale diferite

The building of the Hungarian State Opera House (Hungarian: Magyar Állami Operaház) is a splendid example of neo-Renaissance architecture. It is located in central Pest, (a part of Budapest), in the 6^th District (Terézváros) at Andrássy út 22.

Designed by Miklós Ybl, a major figure of 19^th century Hungarian architecture, the construction lasted from 1875 to 1884 and was funded by the city of Budapest and by Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary. The Hungarian Royal Opera House (as it was known then) opened to the public on the September 27, .

Section through the centre of the house

It is a richly-decorated building and is considered one of the architect's masterpieces. It was built in neo-Renaissance style, with elements of baroque. Ornamentation includes paintings and sculptures by leading figures of Hungarian art of the time including Bertalan Székely, Mór Than and Károly Lotz. Although in size and capacity it is not among the greatest, in beauty and the quality of acoustics the Budapest Opera House is considered to be amongst the first few opera houses in the world.

The auditorium holds 1261 seats. It is horseshoe shaped and - according to measurments done in the 1970's by a group of international engineers - has the 3^rd best acoustics in Europe after the Scala in Milan and the Paris Opera House. Although many opera houses have been built since, the Budapest Opera House is still among the best in terms of the acoustics.

Interior

In front of the building are statues of Ferenc Erkel, composer of the Hungarian national anthem, and the first music director of the Opera House. He was also founder of the Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra. The other statue is of Franz Liszt, the best known Hungarian composer.

Each year the season lasts from September to the end of June and besides opera performances the Opera House is home to the Hungarian National Ballet.

Many important artists were guests here including Gustav Mahler the composer who was director in Budapest from 1887 to 1891 and Otto Klemperer who was music director for three years from 1947 to 1950.

In the 1970s the state of the building prompted the Hungarian State to order a major renovation which eventually began in 1980 and lasted till 1984. The reopening was held exactly 100 years after the original opening, on the 27^th of September 1984.

The Opera House is on the left in this view of 1896.

The second house of the Hungarian State Opera is Erkel theatre. It is a much bigger building and it also hosts opera and ballet performances during the opera season.

There are guided tours in the building in six languages (English, German, Spanish, French, Italian and Hungarian) almost every day.

[edit] Notes

Teatrul din Cluj

Felner si Helmer

cupola- metalica- reglementari impotriva focului

Opera din Timisoara

Opera Nationala Romana Timisoara este o companie nationala de opera, Opereta si balet, institutie publica cu personalitate juridica aflata in subordinea Ministerului Culturii si Cultelor din Romania.

Opera Nationala Romana Timisoara a fost infiintata prin Decretul Regal din 30 martie , nr. 254. Prim director al Operei a fost Aca de Barbu.

Scurt istoric.

Timisoara a fost si este cel mai puternic centru cultural din vestul Romaniei. Asezarea geografica favorabila, la confluenta intre Europa centrala si cea de est ii confera Timisoarei o larga deschidere pe plan cultural. Situata la mai putin de 700 km distanta fata de 13 capitale europene, a avut de-a lungul timpului o conectare continua la valorile culturii europene. Populatia acestui spatiu multietnic si multicultural, apartinand diverselor etnii si confesiuni religioase, face din Timisoara un model de civilizatie europeana.

Incepand cu ultimul sfert al sec. XVIII-lea in Timisoara au avut loc in mod frecvent stagiuni de opera cu un repertoriu variat, cu nimic inferioare celor din marile orase europene, multe fiind prezentate aici la putin timp (4 ani) dupa premierele lor absolute. Astfel sub conducerea lui Bruno Walter sunt prezentate operele: 'Trubadurul', 'Cavalleria Rusticana', 'Paiate', 'Boema', 'Barbierul din Sevilla', 'Faust', 'Fidelio', 'Freischutz', 'Ernani', etc.

Constructia cladirii Palatului Culturii a inceput in 1871, dupa planurile arhitectilor vienezi Helmer si Fellner (constructori a numeroase sali de teatru din Europa - Budapesta, Viena, Odessa) si a fost terminata in 1875. Doua incendii de proportii au devastat cladirea. Primul a avut loc in 1880 si reconstructia a durat pana in 1882, pastrandu-se integral forma originala a cladirii, construita in stil 'Renaissance'. Dupa cel de-al doilea incendiu - 1920 - au mai ramas intacte doar aripile laterale ale cladirii. Reconstructia se face dupa planurile arhitectului Duiliu Marcu, pastrandu-se stilul original numai la fatadele laterale, fatada principala si sala de spectacole imbracand stilul neobizantin caracteristic arhitecturii romanesti a timpului.

Inedit este faptul ca in aceasta cladire isi desfasoara activitatea in mod armonios patru institutii de arta - caz unic in lume: Opera Romana, Teatrul National 'Mihai Eminescu', Teatrul German de Stat si Teatrul Maghiar 'Csiky Gergely'.

Nevoia acuta simtita de timisoreni si dragostea lor pentru spectacolul de teatru liric au fost implinite intr-o anumita masura de Opera Romana din Cluj. Infiintata in 1920 aceasta s-a deplasat destul de des la Timisoara pentru ca, intre 1940 si 1945 in urma cedarii Ardealului prin Dictatul de la Viena sa-si desfasoare in refugiu activitatea in capitala Banatului, devenind Opera din Cluj - Timisoara, al carei director a fost numit compozitorul Sabin Dragoi.

Dupa plecarea Operei din Cluj in 1945 nu se putea imagina o Timisoara fara spectacole de opera. Dragostea si interesul timisorenilor pentru acest gen, se putea evalua dupa frecventa spectacolelor pe afise si dupa afluenta publicului. Astfel in anul 1920 ia fiinta Teatrul Liric de Opereta, condus de Maximilian si Leonard - printul operetei, care pentru un timp a suplinit golul lasat prin plecarea Operei Romane din Cluj. Putem spune ca Teatrul Liric de Opereta a fost ca un intermezzo intre Opera Romana din Cluj - Timisoara si Opera Romana de aceasta data din Timisoara, al carui act de intemeiere va fi decretul semnat de Regele Mihai I la 30 martie 1946. Conducerea nou infiintatei institutii va fi incredintata renumitei cantarete Aca de Barbu care a reusit in scurt timp cu pricepere si devotament, sa formeze o echipa valoroasa de muzicieni.

Teatrul din Sofia

The Ivan Vazov National Theatre (Bulgarian: , Naroden teatar "Ivan Vazov") is Bulgaria's national theatre, as well as the oldest and most authoritative theatre in the country and one of the important landmarks of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is located in the centre of the city, with the facade facing the City Garden.

Founded in 1904 by the artists from the Salza i Smyah company, it was initially called simply the National Theatre, but before being named after the prominent writer Ivan Vazov it also bore the name of Krastyu Sarafov between 1952 and 1962. The theatre's Neoclassical building, designed by famous Viennese theatre architects Hermann Helmer and Ferdinand Fellner, was finished in 1906 and opened on 3 January . The building was extensively damaged by a fire in 1923 during an anniversary celebration, but was reconstructed in 1929 by German architect Martin Dülfer.

A theatrical school was established as part of the National Theatre in 1925. The bombing of Sofia in World War II caused considerable damage to the building, but it was reconstructed in 1945. Another reconstruction followed in 1971-1975, and a 100,000 restoration project was implemented in 2006.

The Ivan Vazov National Theatre has a well-equipped main stage with 750 seats, a smaller 120-seat stage and an additional 70-seat one on the fourth floor.

Teatrul din Zurich

Teatrul din Timisoara

Felner si Helmer

Refacuta partea din fata de Duiliu Marcu

Teatrul National 'Mihai Eminescu' din Timisoara este o companie teatrala, institutie publica culturala, aflata in subordinea Ministerului Culturii si Cultelor din Romania

Teatrul din Augsburg